Steinernema hebeiense*, Chen, Li, Yan, Spiridonov & Moens, 2006<= /title> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"State"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"PlaceName"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"PlaceType"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"country-region"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"City"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"place"/>  <style>  </style>  </head> <body lang=3DEN-US link=3Dblue vlink=3Dpurple style=3D'tab-interval:.5in'> <div class=3DSection1> Steinernema hebeiense</sp= an><o:p></o:p> Chen, Li, Yan, Spiridonov & Moens, 2006 <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> Me= asurements<o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> &= nbsp; See <a href=3D"http://kbn.ifas.ufl.edu/s_hebeiense-table.htm">Table 1</a>.</spa= n> <o:p> </o:p> De= scription<o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> Males, first generation: Bo= dy J-shaped in heat-relaxed specimens. Cuticle with very faint transverse stri= ae; lateral field indistinct throughout body. Head flattened to slightly rounde= d anteriorly. = SEM en face view with six pointed labi= al papillae and four cephalic papillae. Amphids visible. Mouth opening funnel-shaped or cup-shaped. Pharynx muscular; procorpus cylindrical; metacorpus slightly swollen, non-valvate; isthmus indistinct; basal bulb pyriform to round, valve indistinct. Nerve ring surrounding isthmus or just above basal bulb. Cardia prominent and protruding into intestine lumen. Excretory pore usually anterior to nerve ring located at base of procorpus. Excretory duct cuticularised. Testis single and reflexed. Spicule paired, yellow-brownish in colour and ventrally curved; spicule head (manubrium) le= ss than one third of spicule length and longer than wide. Calomus short and indistinct; velum thin, approximately half of spicule length. Gubernaculum = ca 80% of spicule length, boat</sp= an>-sh= aped in lateral view, swollen at middle, with prominent narrow neck, and proximal= end with knob occasionally ventrally curved. Gubernaculum wings well divided; cuneus pointed. Single mid-ventral precloacal papilla and eleven pairs of genital papillae present and arranged as follows: six pairs subventral prea= nal; one pair subdorsal at same level of single ventral precloacal papilla; one = pair subventral in cloacal region; two pairs caudal subventral and one pair caud= al subdorsal. Tail bluntly conoid without mucron, concaved on ventral side. Phasmids inconspicuous.<o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> Males, second generation: Si= milar to first generation male but smaller in body length and other morphometric values except for shorter tail, excretory pore more posteriorly located than in first generation male (D% = =3D 51 vs 62), and presence of tail mucron (6 μm long).<o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> Females, first generation: Bo= dy robust, C-shaped when heat-killed. Cuticle smooth. Lat= eral field inconspicuous. Head broadly rounded. SEM en face view with six pointed labi= al papillae and four cephalic papillae. Amphidial apertures inconspicuous. Mou= th opening funnel-shaped or cup-shaped. Stoma shallow. Pharynx with cylindrical procorpus; metacarpus slightly swollen and non-valvate; isthmus indistinct; basal bulb pyriform, valve not observed. Excretory pore located between ner= ve ring and middle of pharynx. Excretory duct cuticularised, excretory gland swollen. Cardia prominent protruding into intestine lumen. Didelphic, amphidelphic gonad reflexed and tightly packed with eggs. Vulva a transverse slit on a protuberance near middle of body, epiptygma present. Vagina short, oblique with muscular walls. Pointed tail shorter than anal body diam.<o:p>= </o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> Females, second generation: Similar to first generation female but smaller in body length and other morphometric values, except for tail lengt= h. Pointed tail longer than anal body diam.<o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> Infective juvenile: Bo= dy smoothly tapering towards anterior and posterior ends, in heat-relaxed specimens straight or slightly curved ventrally. Mouth and anus closed. Head region slightly offset from body contour, 6-7 µm diam., truncate. In SEM en= face view, labial papillae not observed; oval-shaped amphidial apertures situated slightly posterior to labial disc between distinct cephalic papillae. Phary= nx long and narrow, isthmus distinct and surrounded by nerve ring, basal bulb elongated or pyriform, valve indistinct in fixed specimens but visible in living ones. Cardia prominent. Excretory pore at one third to halfway point= of pharynx, cuticularised duct extending to basal bulb. Hemizonid distinct, located at isthmus level. Bacterial pouch round to elongated, rarely seen in fixed specimens; packed with bacteria and located 26-35 μm posterior to basal bulb. Lateral field with eight ridges (nine lines), two submarginal ridges reduced at mid-body. Tail conoid without pointed terminus, concave ventrally. Hyaline portion occupying one third to half of total tail length. Phasmid inconspicuous.<o:p></o:p>= <o:p> </o:p> <span lang= =3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New = Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";color:blu= e; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Type host and locality <o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> The natural hosts of S. hebeiense are not known as it was isolated by baiting with wax moth larvae from sandy soil in Gu An County, Hebei, China (longitude 116º17’E, latitude 39º26’N, 23 m above sea level).<o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> <span lang= =3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New = Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";color:blu= e; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Type material<o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> Holotype and paratype males, females and infective juveniles deposited at <st1:PlaceName w:st=3D"on">Gent</st1:Place= Name> <st1:PlaceType w:st=3D"on">University</st1:PlaceType>, Institute for Zoology, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st= =3D"on">Belgium</st1:country-region></st1:place>. Slides with paratype first and second generation males, first and second generation females and infective juveniles deposited in the <st1:PlaceType w:st=3D"on">Institute</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st=3D"on">Plant P= rotection</st1:PlaceName>, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, <st1:place w:st=3D"on"= ><st1:City w:st=3D"on">Baoding</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st=3D"on">Hebei</st1:State>, = <st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">China</st1:country-region></st1:place>.<o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> <span lang= =3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New = Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";color:blu= e; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Diagnosis = <o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> Infective juveniles of S. hebeiense are characterised by a body length of 658 (610-710) µm, distance from the anterior end to excretory pore of 48 (43-51) µm, tail length 66 (63-71) µm, and E% of 72 (65-80). They have a slightly offset head and flattened anterior end, lateral fields with eight ridges (nine distinct lines) of which the two submarginal ridges are indist= inct under the light microscope. Males have light brown, slightly curved, spicul= es and a manubrium longer than wide. Spicu= le length of the first generation male is 57 (51-63) μm and gubernaculum length is 46 (38-50) μm. A mucron is absent in first generation males, but present and 6 (4-10) µ= ;m long in males of the second generation. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> <span lang= =3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New = Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";color:blu= e; text-transform:uppercase;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Relationships</= b><span lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size= :12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-fa= mily: SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";color:blue;mso-fareast-language:Z= H-CN'><o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> The appearance of the lateral field of = S. hebeiense infective juveniles is very similar to that of S. feltiae which also has the two submarginal ridges reduc= ed (Mráček et al., 2003). However, infective juveniles of S. feltiae have a longer body length of 849 (736-950) vs 658 (610-710) µm, a longer distance from the anterior end to the excretory pore of 62 (53-67) vs 48 (43-51) µm and a longe= r tail of 81 (70-92) vs 66 (63-71) &mi= cro;m. First generation males of S. feltia= e have a mucron (vs absent) and the mucron of the second generation males is longer (12 vs 6 µm). Male= s of S. feltiae have a lower SW value o= f 1.1 (0.9-1.3) vs 1.4 (1.2-1.7) and GS value of 0.59 (0.5-0.6) vs 0.8 (0.6-0.9).= <o:p></o:p> Infective juveniles of S. hebeiense are similar to those of S. weiseri in total body length, but infective juveniles of S. weiseri have nine equally devel= oped lines (i.e., eight distinct ridges) in their lateral field, a shorter tail of 55 (46-70) vs 66 (63-71) µm and a shorter hyaline portion of 16 (12-23) vs 28 (23-35) µm. Second generation males of S. weiseri have a much shorter muc= ron (2.5 vs 6 µm).<o:p></o:p>= The new species is also close to S. oregonense, S. kraussei, S. jollieti, S. sangi and S. kushida= i. Infective juveniles of S. oregonens= e can be distinguished from S. hebeie= nse by their longer body length of 980 (820-1110) vs 658 (610-710) µm, larger body diameter of 34 (28-38) vs = 26 (23-28) µm, longer distance from anterior end to excretory pore (66 (60-72) vs 48 (43-51) µm)= and a higher E% ratio of 100 (90-110) vs<= /i> 72 (65-80). <o:p></o:p> Infective juveniles of S. kraussei can be distinguished from S. hebeiense by their longer body length of 951 (797-1102) vs 658 (610-710) µm and a lo= nger distance from anterior end to excretory pore (63 (50-66) vs 48 (43-51) µm). <o:p></o:p> Males of S. kraussei are distinguished by a shorter spicule length of 55 (52-57) vs 57 (51-63) µm = and a lower SW value (1.1 vs 1.4 (1.<= /span>2-1.7). <o:p></o:p> Infective juveniles of S. jollieti are longer (711 (625-820) vs 658 (610-710) µm) and have only six vs eight longitudinal ridges in the lateral field. <o:p></o:p> Steinerne= ma sangi, which belongs to the same clade in the genus Steinernema, has a lateral field of similar appearance, but can= be distinguished from S. hebeiense= by the longer infective juvenile body (753 (704-784) vs 658 (6= 10-710) µm), very long velum on the spicules, and by the presence of a mucron= in the first generation males. <o:p></o:p> Steinerne= ma kushidai is distinguished from S. hebeiense= by a shorter IJ tail of 50 (44-59) vs</i= > 66 (63-71) µm, higher E% value of 92 (84-95) vs 72 (65-80) and by the colour of= the male spicule (colourless vs lig= ht brown). <o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> <span lang= =3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New = Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";color:blu= e; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Molecular = <o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of ITS regions shows that S. hebeiense formed a monopghyletic group with S. feltiae and S. weiseri. Usu= ally, S. feltiae was a sister group for = S. hebeiense, although in some MP cladograms when gaps were treated as ‘fifth base’, S. weiseri was the sister taxon. T= he relationships of any pair of these three species were always characterised by a weak (< 70%) bootstrap support, unlike the support for the entire subclade of the t= hree species, which ranged from moderate (70-90%) to strong (> 90%). MP seque= nce analysis of the ITS dataset revealed three nucleotide autapomorphies in the= ITS rDNA sequence for S. hebeiense = The minimal difference in ITS rDNA of S. hebeiense with S. weiseri w= as 73 bp or 10% if expressed as mean nucleotide difference adjusted for missing d= ata (see the original description). In the MP analysis of a total of 526 of D2D3 LSU rDNA characters, the resulted tree showed that S. hebeiense was a sister taxon to S. weiseri, with low bootstrap support. The difference between = S. hebeiense and S. weiseri was 13 nucleotides or 2.6% if expressed as a mean nucleotide difference adjusted to missing data. In maximum likelihood trees, the group of S. hebeiense and S. weiseri was moderately or stron= gly supported by bootstrap analysis.<o:p></o:p> The ITS and D2D3 sequences of S. heb= eiense are deposited at GenBank under the accession numbers DQ105794 and DQ399664, respectively.<o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> <h1>References</h1> <o:p> </o:p> <s= pan lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-famil= y:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Chen, S.L., Li, X.H., <span lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.= 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-fa= mily: SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Yan= <span lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-famil= y:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";mso-farea= st-language: ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>, A., Spiridonov, S.E. & Moens, M. (2006). A new entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema hebeiense sp. n. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), from <st1:place w:st=3D"on">North China</st= 1:place>. Nematology 8, 563-574.<o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> </div> </body> </html> ------=_NextPart_01C7E3FB.D29205B0 Content-Location: file:///C:/50C446C5/S-hebeiense_files/header.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" <html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" xmlns=3D"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <meta http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"> <meta name=3DProgId content=3DWord.Document> <meta name=3DGenerator content=3D"Microsoft Word 11"> <meta name=3DOriginator content=3D"Microsoft Word 11"> <link id=3DMain-File rel=3DMain-File href=3D"../S-hebeiense.htm"> <![if IE]> <base href=3D"file:///C:\50C446C5\S-hebeiense_files\header.htm" id=3D"webarch_temp_base_tag"> <![endif]><o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"State"= /> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"PlaceName"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"PlaceType"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"country-region"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"City"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"place"/> </head> <body lang=3DEN-US link=3Dblue vlink=3Dpurple> <div style=3D'mso-element:footnote-separator' id=3Dfs> <![if !supportFootnotes]> <hr align=3Dleft size=3D1 width=3D"33%"> <![endif]> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:footnote-continuation-separator' id=3Dfcs> <![if !supportFootnotes]> <hr align=3Dleft size=3D1> <![endif]> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:endnote-separator' id=3Des> <![if !supportFootnotes]> <hr align=3Dleft size=3D1 width=3D"33%"> <![endif]> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:endnote-continuation-separator' id=3Decs> <![if !supportFootnotes]> <hr align=3Dleft size=3D1> <![endif]> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:footer' id=3Def1> <div style=3D'mso-element:frame;mso-element-wrap:around;mso-element-anchor-= vertical: paragraph;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:margin;mso-element-left:right; mso-element-top:.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly'> <table cellspacing=3D0 cellpadding=3D0 hspace=3D0 vspace=3D0 align=3Dright> <tr> <td valign=3Dtop align=3Dleft style=3D'padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in; padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in'> <p class=3DMsoFooter style=3D'mso-element:frame;mso-element-wrap:around; mso-element-anchor-vertical:paragraph;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:margi= n; mso-element-left:right;mso-element-top:.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly'><!-= -[if supportFields]>PAGE <![endif]--><o:p></o:p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <o:p>&= nbsp;</o:p> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:footer' id=3Df1> <div style=3D'mso-element:frame;mso-element-wrap:around;mso-element-anchor-= vertical: paragraph;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:margin;mso-element-left:right; mso-element-top:.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly'> <table cellspacing=3D0 cellpadding=3D0 hspace=3D0 vspace=3D0 align=3Dright> <tr> <td valign=3Dtop align=3Dleft style=3D'padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in; padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in'> <p class=3DMsoFooter style=3D'mso-element:frame;mso-element-wrap:around; mso-element-anchor-vertical:paragraph;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:margi= n; mso-element-left:right;mso-element-top:.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly'><sp= an class=3DMsoPageNumber>1<o:p></o:p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <o:p>&= nbsp;</o:p> </div> </body> </html> ------=_NextPart_01C7E3FB.D29205B0 Content-Location: file:///C:/50C446C5/S-hebeiense_files/filelist.xml Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8" <xml xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"> <o:MainFile HRef=3D"../S-hebeiense.htm"/> <o:File HRef=3D"header.htm"/> <o:File HRef=3D"filelist.xml"/> </xml> ------=_NextPart

MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_01C7E3FB.D29205B0" This document is a Single File Web Page, also known as a Web Archive file. If you are seeing this message, your browser or editor doesn't support Web Archive files. Please download a browser that supports Web Archive, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer. ------=_NextPart_01C7E3FB.D29205B0 Content-Location: file:///C:/50C446C5/S-hebeiense.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" Steinernema hebeiense*, Chen, Li, Yan, Spiridonov & Moens, 2006<= /title> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"State"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"PlaceName"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"PlaceType"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"country-region"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"City"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"place"/>  <style>  </style>  </head> <body lang=3DEN-US link=3Dblue vlink=3Dpurple style=3D'tab-interval:.5in'> <div class=3DSection1> Steinernema hebeiense</sp= an><o:p></o:p> Chen, Li, Yan, Spiridonov & Moens, 2006 <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> Me= asurements<o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> &= nbsp; See <a href=3D"http://kbn.ifas.ufl.edu/s_hebeiense-table.htm">Table 1</a>.</spa= n> <o:p> </o:p> De= scription<o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> Males, first generation: Bo= dy J-shaped in heat-relaxed specimens. Cuticle with very faint transverse stri= ae; lateral field indistinct throughout body. Head flattened to slightly rounde= d anteriorly. = SEM en face view with six pointed labi= al papillae and four cephalic papillae. Amphids visible. Mouth opening funnel-shaped or cup-shaped. Pharynx muscular; procorpus cylindrical; metacorpus slightly swollen, non-valvate; isthmus indistinct; basal bulb pyriform to round, valve indistinct. Nerve ring surrounding isthmus or just above basal bulb. Cardia prominent and protruding into intestine lumen. Excretory pore usually anterior to nerve ring located at base of procorpus. Excretory duct cuticularised. Testis single and reflexed. Spicule paired, yellow-brownish in colour and ventrally curved; spicule head (manubrium) le= ss than one third of spicule length and longer than wide. Calomus short and indistinct; velum thin, approximately half of spicule length. Gubernaculum = ca 80% of spicule length, boat</sp= an>-sh= aped in lateral view, swollen at middle, with prominent narrow neck, and proximal= end with knob occasionally ventrally curved. Gubernaculum wings well divided; cuneus pointed. Single mid-ventral precloacal papilla and eleven pairs of genital papillae present and arranged as follows: six pairs subventral prea= nal; one pair subdorsal at same level of single ventral precloacal papilla; one = pair subventral in cloacal region; two pairs caudal subventral and one pair caud= al subdorsal. Tail bluntly conoid without mucron, concaved on ventral side. Phasmids inconspicuous.<o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> Males, second generation: Si= milar to first generation male but smaller in body length and other morphometric values except for shorter tail, excretory pore more posteriorly located than in first generation male (D% = =3D 51 vs 62), and presence of tail mucron (6 μm long).<o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> Females, first generation: Bo= dy robust, C-shaped when heat-killed. Cuticle smooth. Lat= eral field inconspicuous. Head broadly rounded. SEM en face view with six pointed labi= al papillae and four cephalic papillae. Amphidial apertures inconspicuous. Mou= th opening funnel-shaped or cup-shaped. Stoma shallow. Pharynx with cylindrical procorpus; metacarpus slightly swollen and non-valvate; isthmus indistinct; basal bulb pyriform, valve not observed. Excretory pore located between ner= ve ring and middle of pharynx. Excretory duct cuticularised, excretory gland swollen. Cardia prominent protruding into intestine lumen. Didelphic, amphidelphic gonad reflexed and tightly packed with eggs. Vulva a transverse slit on a protuberance near middle of body, epiptygma present. Vagina short, oblique with muscular walls. Pointed tail shorter than anal body diam.<o:p>= </o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> Females, second generation: Similar to first generation female but smaller in body length and other morphometric values, except for tail lengt= h. Pointed tail longer than anal body diam.<o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> Infective juvenile: Bo= dy smoothly tapering towards anterior and posterior ends, in heat-relaxed specimens straight or slightly curved ventrally. Mouth and anus closed. Head region slightly offset from body contour, 6-7 µm diam., truncate. In SEM en= face view, labial papillae not observed; oval-shaped amphidial apertures situated slightly posterior to labial disc between distinct cephalic papillae. Phary= nx long and narrow, isthmus distinct and surrounded by nerve ring, basal bulb elongated or pyriform, valve indistinct in fixed specimens but visible in living ones. Cardia prominent. Excretory pore at one third to halfway point= of pharynx, cuticularised duct extending to basal bulb. Hemizonid distinct, located at isthmus level. Bacterial pouch round to elongated, rarely seen in fixed specimens; packed with bacteria and located 26-35 μm posterior to basal bulb. Lateral field with eight ridges (nine lines), two submarginal ridges reduced at mid-body. Tail conoid without pointed terminus, concave ventrally. Hyaline portion occupying one third to half of total tail length. Phasmid inconspicuous.<o:p></o:p>= <o:p> </o:p> <span lang= =3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New = Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";color:blu= e; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Type host and locality <o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> The natural hosts of S. hebeiense are not known as it was isolated by baiting with wax moth larvae from sandy soil in Gu An County, Hebei, China (longitude 116º17’E, latitude 39º26’N, 23 m above sea level).<o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> <span lang= =3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New = Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";color:blu= e; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Type material<o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> Holotype and paratype males, females and infective juveniles deposited at <st1:PlaceName w:st=3D"on">Gent</st1:Place= Name> <st1:PlaceType w:st=3D"on">University</st1:PlaceType>, Institute for Zoology, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, <st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:country-region w:st= =3D"on">Belgium</st1:country-region></st1:place>. Slides with paratype first and second generation males, first and second generation females and infective juveniles deposited in the <st1:PlaceType w:st=3D"on">Institute</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st=3D"on">Plant P= rotection</st1:PlaceName>, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, <st1:place w:st=3D"on"= ><st1:City w:st=3D"on">Baoding</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st=3D"on">Hebei</st1:State>, = <st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">China</st1:country-region></st1:place>.<o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> <span lang= =3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New = Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";color:blu= e; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Diagnosis = <o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> Infective juveniles of S. hebeiense are characterised by a body length of 658 (610-710) µm, distance from the anterior end to excretory pore of 48 (43-51) µm, tail length 66 (63-71) µm, and E% of 72 (65-80). They have a slightly offset head and flattened anterior end, lateral fields with eight ridges (nine distinct lines) of which the two submarginal ridges are indist= inct under the light microscope. Males have light brown, slightly curved, spicul= es and a manubrium longer than wide. Spicu= le length of the first generation male is 57 (51-63) μm and gubernaculum length is 46 (38-50) μm. A mucron is absent in first generation males, but present and 6 (4-10) µ= ;m long in males of the second generation. <o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> <span lang= =3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New = Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";color:blu= e; text-transform:uppercase;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Relationships</= b><span lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size= :12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-fa= mily: SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";color:blue;mso-fareast-language:Z= H-CN'><o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> The appearance of the lateral field of = S. hebeiense infective juveniles is very similar to that of S. feltiae which also has the two submarginal ridges reduc= ed (Mráček et al., 2003). However, infective juveniles of S. feltiae have a longer body length of 849 (736-950) vs 658 (610-710) µm, a longer distance from the anterior end to the excretory pore of 62 (53-67) vs 48 (43-51) µm and a longe= r tail of 81 (70-92) vs 66 (63-71) &mi= cro;m. First generation males of S. feltia= e have a mucron (vs absent) and the mucron of the second generation males is longer (12 vs 6 µm). Male= s of S. feltiae have a lower SW value o= f 1.1 (0.9-1.3) vs 1.4 (1.2-1.7) and GS value of 0.59 (0.5-0.6) vs 0.8 (0.6-0.9).= <o:p></o:p> Infective juveniles of S. hebeiense are similar to those of S. weiseri in total body length, but infective juveniles of S. weiseri have nine equally devel= oped lines (i.e., eight distinct ridges) in their lateral field, a shorter tail of 55 (46-70) vs 66 (63-71) µm and a shorter hyaline portion of 16 (12-23) vs 28 (23-35) µm. Second generation males of S. weiseri have a much shorter muc= ron (2.5 vs 6 µm).<o:p></o:p>= The new species is also close to S. oregonense, S. kraussei, S. jollieti, S. sangi and S. kushida= i. Infective juveniles of S. oregonens= e can be distinguished from S. hebeie= nse by their longer body length of 980 (820-1110) vs 658 (610-710) µm, larger body diameter of 34 (28-38) vs = 26 (23-28) µm, longer distance from anterior end to excretory pore (66 (60-72) vs 48 (43-51) µm)= and a higher E% ratio of 100 (90-110) vs<= /i> 72 (65-80). <o:p></o:p> Infective juveniles of S. kraussei can be distinguished from S. hebeiense by their longer body length of 951 (797-1102) vs 658 (610-710) µm and a lo= nger distance from anterior end to excretory pore (63 (50-66) vs 48 (43-51) µm). <o:p></o:p> Males of S. kraussei are distinguished by a shorter spicule length of 55 (52-57) vs 57 (51-63) µm = and a lower SW value (1.1 vs 1.4 (1.<= /span>2-1.7). <o:p></o:p> Infective juveniles of S. jollieti are longer (711 (625-820) vs 658 (610-710) µm) and have only six vs eight longitudinal ridges in the lateral field. <o:p></o:p> Steinerne= ma sangi, which belongs to the same clade in the genus Steinernema, has a lateral field of similar appearance, but can= be distinguished from S. hebeiense= by the longer infective juvenile body (753 (704-784) vs 658 (6= 10-710) µm), very long velum on the spicules, and by the presence of a mucron= in the first generation males. <o:p></o:p> Steinerne= ma kushidai is distinguished from S. hebeiense= by a shorter IJ tail of 50 (44-59) vs</i= > 66 (63-71) µm, higher E% value of 92 (84-95) vs 72 (65-80) and by the colour of= the male spicule (colourless vs lig= ht brown). <o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> <span lang= =3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New = Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";color:blu= e; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>Molecular = <o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> Maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of ITS regions shows that S. hebeiense formed a monopghyletic group with S. feltiae and S. weiseri. Usu= ally, S. feltiae was a sister group for = S. hebeiense, although in some MP cladograms when gaps were treated as ‘fifth base’, S. weiseri was the sister taxon. T= he relationships of any pair of these three species were always characterised by a weak (< 70%) bootstrap support, unlike the support for the entire subclade of the t= hree species, which ranged from moderate (70-90%) to strong (> 90%). MP seque= nce analysis of the ITS dataset revealed three nucleotide autapomorphies in the= ITS rDNA sequence for S. hebeiense = The minimal difference in ITS rDNA of S. hebeiense with S. weiseri w= as 73 bp or 10% if expressed as mean nucleotide difference adjusted for missing d= ata (see the original description). In the MP analysis of a total of 526 of D2D3 LSU rDNA characters, the resulted tree showed that S. hebeiense was a sister taxon to S. weiseri, with low bootstrap support. The difference between = S. hebeiense and S. weiseri was 13 nucleotides or 2.6% if expressed as a mean nucleotide difference adjusted to missing data. In maximum likelihood trees, the group of S. hebeiense and S. weiseri was moderately or stron= gly supported by bootstrap analysis.<o:p></o:p> The ITS and D2D3 sequences of S. heb= eiense are deposited at GenBank under the accession numbers DQ105794 and DQ399664, respectively.<o:p></o:p> <o= :p> </o:p> <h1>References</h1> <o:p> </o:p> <s= pan lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-famil= y:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Chen, S.L., Li, X.H., <span lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.= 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-fa= mily: SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Yan= <span lang=3DEN-GB style=3D'font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-famil= y:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";mso-farea= st-language: ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>, A., Spiridonov, S.E. & Moens, M. (2006). A new entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema hebeiense sp. n. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), from <st1:place w:st=3D"on">North China</st= 1:place>. Nematology 8, 563-574.<o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> </div> </body> </html> ------=_NextPart_01C7E3FB.D29205B0 Content-Location: file:///C:/50C446C5/S-hebeiense_files/header.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" <html xmlns:v=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" xmlns=3D"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <meta http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"> <meta name=3DProgId content=3DWord.Document> <meta name=3DGenerator content=3D"Microsoft Word 11"> <meta name=3DOriginator content=3D"Microsoft Word 11"> <link id=3DMain-File rel=3DMain-File href=3D"../S-hebeiense.htm"> <![if IE]> <base href=3D"file:///C:\50C446C5\S-hebeiense_files\header.htm" id=3D"webarch_temp_base_tag"> <![endif]><o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"State"= /> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"PlaceName"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"PlaceType"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"country-region"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"City"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=3D"place"/> </head> <body lang=3DEN-US link=3Dblue vlink=3Dpurple> <div style=3D'mso-element:footnote-separator' id=3Dfs> <![if !supportFootnotes]> <hr align=3Dleft size=3D1 width=3D"33%"> <![endif]> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:footnote-continuation-separator' id=3Dfcs> <![if !supportFootnotes]> <hr align=3Dleft size=3D1> <![endif]> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:endnote-separator' id=3Des> <![if !supportFootnotes]> <hr align=3Dleft size=3D1 width=3D"33%"> <![endif]> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:endnote-continuation-separator' id=3Decs> <![if !supportFootnotes]> <hr align=3Dleft size=3D1> <![endif]> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:footer' id=3Def1> <div style=3D'mso-element:frame;mso-element-wrap:around;mso-element-anchor-= vertical: paragraph;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:margin;mso-element-left:right; mso-element-top:.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly'> <table cellspacing=3D0 cellpadding=3D0 hspace=3D0 vspace=3D0 align=3Dright> <tr> <td valign=3Dtop align=3Dleft style=3D'padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in; padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in'> <p class=3DMsoFooter style=3D'mso-element:frame;mso-element-wrap:around; mso-element-anchor-vertical:paragraph;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:margi= n; mso-element-left:right;mso-element-top:.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly'><!-= -[if supportFields]>PAGE <![endif]--><o:p></o:p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <o:p>&= nbsp;</o:p> </div> <div style=3D'mso-element:footer' id=3Df1> <div style=3D'mso-element:frame;mso-element-wrap:around;mso-element-anchor-= vertical: paragraph;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:margin;mso-element-left:right; mso-element-top:.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly'> <table cellspacing=3D0 cellpadding=3D0 hspace=3D0 vspace=3D0 align=3Dright> <tr> <td valign=3Dtop align=3Dleft style=3D'padding-top:0in;padding-right:0in; padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0in'> <p class=3DMsoFooter style=3D'mso-element:frame;mso-element-wrap:around; mso-element-anchor-vertical:paragraph;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:margi= n; mso-element-left:right;mso-element-top:.05pt;mso-height-rule:exactly'><sp= an class=3DMsoPageNumber>1<o:p></o:p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <o:p>&= nbsp;</o:p> </div> </body> </html> ------=_NextPart_01C7E3FB.D29205B0 Content-Location: file:///C:/50C446C5/S-hebeiense_files/filelist.xml Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8" <xml xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"> <o:MainFile HRef=3D"../S-hebeiense.htm"/> <o:File HRef=3D"header.htm"/> <o:File HRef=3D"filelist.xml"/> </xml> ------=_NextPart_01C7E3FB.D29205B0--